Tuesday, April 8, 2014

Object vs. Subject: Picking Up The Ball


 
In Iris Marion Young’s Article about female body comportment called Throwing Like a Girl: A Phenomenology of Feminine Body Comportment Motility and Spatiality, she discusses the ways in which females move their body and occupy space with it. Her main argument is encompassed by this quote from the article, “Woman is thereby both culturally and social denied the subjectivity, autonomy, and creativity which are definitive of being human and which in patriarchal society accorded the man. At the same time, however because she is a human existence, the female person necessarily is a subjectivity and transcendence and she knows herself to be.” This statement translates into every move that women make. Not only in every day life, with movements such as crossing legs or folding in on oneself, but also in sports.
Young makes the allusion early in the reading to studies that discuss the idea of women and men using their bodies differently to throw a ball. She claims that women have been proven to throw more poorly because of cultural constraints placed upon them. Her argument is almost 35 years old. The data she cites is also fairly old. Why is this still relevant today? Nothing has changed, and “you throw like a girl” is still a very common phrase. I see it every day in my own life and in the lives of people around me. Women are said to not throw as well as men, and often times we believe it to be true.
The video I attached goes in to depth about the science of throwing as a man and as a woman. Their tests are not irrefutable, academically published, or peer reviewed, but it is an interesting study nonetheless. They have male and female participants throw with their dominant hands and test them for speed, strength, and form. They compare their forms against professional baseball and softball players. When they use their dominant hand, men have better form and therefore throw the ball more effectively. The twist comes when they ask the participants to throw with their non-dominant hand, and the men have the same form as women. This negates their advantage if we control for muscle and body size of men. This proves that the idea of women throwing less effectively is mostly cultural. It is because of her relative objectivity that she doesn’t throw as well. It puts her in a bind mentally, and that translates into a psychical binding. It means something powerful that a social construction can physically inhibit a person. I would be very interested to see how this study would do if they had only tested children because the boys and girls would have very similar body sizes.
Young’s research has proven that in her time period, men threw better than women, but she also has an explanation. It isn’t because women are inherently weak or because they are too fragile or ignorant. It is because on some level they can identify with being the ball. Women don’t literally have experience with being a ball, but she argues very articulately in the earlier quote that women are denied subjectivity. They are the subject because they are a human, but in comparison to men, they are the objects. They are being manipulated and controlled from the outside, so before they can pick up that ball, they have to also know that all of that oppression is on their shoulders. Men, being simply subjects, can manipulate the ball with ease because they have no cultural restraints put upon them that make them believe that they have to overcome the inherent inability to throw. This supports the data from the video as well.
This comes through in the media every day. In order to make someone look weak, it is required to make him look like a woman. In the picture below, President Obama is throwing a baseball in a pose that is normally associated with the way that females throw a ball. The magazine title calls him a “whimp” and then makes claims that since he throws like a woman, he must be too insecure to properly run the country. This is the kind of cultural attitudes that girls and women internalize.
Think of how women sit and stand every day. It’s hard to picture because we don’t think of women standing a certain way because it’s not verbalized often that everyday body comportment is gendered. Women internally and subconsciously know that they have no place or right to occupy a large amount of space, so when we see women doing that, it is startling to us. We see that something is not aligned, and it makes us anxious. This is why it is necessary to unpack these meanings. We must pay closer attention to the everyday examples of female body comportment so that we can put an end to the stigma that causes it. It is a symptom of a greater issue in our society.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LD5Xm5u7UDM

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